Korelasi Fixation Dan Beban Kognitif pada Pengguna Lansia Dengan Eye-Tracking Pada Aplikasi Komunikasi dan Media Sosial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.1148591Kata Kunci:
eye-tracking, fixation, kognitif, korelasi, media sosial, NASA TLXAbstrak
Berdasarkan observasi terhadap pengguna lansia yang menggunakan aplikasi perangkat bergerak dalam kegiatan sehari-hari dan tantangan yang kerap mereka hadapi, muncul pertanyaan seberapa besar korelasi terkait beban kog-nitif yang mereka alami jika ditinjau dari segi penglihatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi sebagai masukan untuk pengembang dalam merancang sebuah aplikasi perangkat bergerak. Eye-tracking digunakan karena sifatnya yang tidak invasif, sesuai bagi pengguna lansia. Untuk mengukur beban kogni-tif yang dialami, digunakan alat lapor beban kognitif mandiri National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX). Setiap dimensi yang relevan, yaitu tuntutan mental, tuntutan temporal, kinerja, usaha, dan frustrasi, dianalisis terpisah dengan variabel fixation (count dan duration) menggunakan uji korelasi Spear-man. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan adanya korelasi positif antara fixation count dengan tuntutan mental, upaya, dan frustrasi, dengan kekuatan rendah hingga kuat. Selain itu ditemukan korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan rendah antara fixation count dan kinerja dan dua korelasi positif dengan kekuatan sedang terkait fixation duration, yaitu dengan upaya dan frustrasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan tantangan kognitif yang dihadapi oleh lansia yang direpre-sentasikan oleh beberapa dimensi saat menggunakan aplikasi perangkat bergerak yang dilihat melalui media peng-lihatan manusia. Hasil penelitian ini mengedepankan penggunaan media eye-tracking sebagai salah satu indikator tuntutan mental yang mengarahkan pengembangan lebih lanjut antarmuka aplikasi yang berfokus pada interaksi dan usability bagi para lansia. Desain dari task, keahlian dan kebiasaan para lansia, serta desain aplikasi menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi hubungan antar variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Abstract
According to the observations of elderly users who use mobile application for daily activities and the challenges they often face, arising a question to what extent the correlation regarding the cognitive load they experienced from a vision perspective. This study is conducted to discover the obstacles encountered as an insight for develop-ers in designing mobile applications. Eye-tracking was used due to its non-invasive nature, hence suitable. To measure the cognitive load, a self-reportning cognitive load tool, i.e., the National Aeronautics and Space Admi-nistration Task Load Index (NASA TLX), was used. Each relevant dimension, i.e., mental demands, temporal de-mands, performance, effort, and frustration, was individually analyzed with fixation variables (count and duration) using Spearman's correlation test. The result suggested low to strong positive correlations between fixation count and mental demand, effort, and frustration. A low negative correlation between fixation counts and performance, and two, moderate and positive correlations related to fixation duration, i.e., effort and frustration were suggested. The findings suggested visual cognitive challenges of mobile applications of elderlies. The findings also highlight how eye-tracking is used as an indicator for mental demand that directs further development of user interface that focus on interaction and usability for elderly. Task designs, skills and habits of elderlies, and application designs were suggested to affect the correlation of variables investigated in this study.
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