Pengamanan Citra Digital Menggunakan Kriptografi DnaDan Modified LSB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.1167666Abstrak
Enkripsi citra digital menggunakan Kriptografi DNA menggabungkan ilmu komputasi dengan prinsip biologis untuk memberikan keamanan ganda. Proses enkripsi terdiri dari dua lapisan. Lapisan pertama, sistem chaos seperti Arnold's Cat Map (ACM) digunakan untuk mengacak posisi piksel melalui beberapa iterasi, sementara Logistic Map (LM) membangkitkan keystream karena sensitivitasnya yang tinggi. Lapisan kedua melibatkan karakteristik DNA, yang memanfaatkan basa nukleotida (A, T, C, G) untuk mengenkripsi data citra pada tingkat molekuler, menghasilkan tingkat keacakan yang tinggi. Setelah enkripsi, ciphertext disembunyikan dalam citra sampul menggunakan teknik steganografi Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB), yang mengoptimalkan penyisipan bit di saluran RGB dengan pemilihan piksel acak menggunakan generator modulo. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kualitas enkripsi yang sangat baik, dengan nilai NPCR ≥ 98%, UACI ≥ 30%, koefisien korelasi ≃ 0, entropi ≃ 8, dan histogram yang datar (flat). Kualitas stego-image optimal dicapai dengan penyisipan satu bit pada saluran RGB, menghasilkan PSNR ≥ 50dB. Ketahanan stego-image terhadap noise salt & pepper bergantung pada ukuran citra sampul, persentase noise, dan jumlah bit sisip yang digunakan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Kriptografi DNA, ACM, LM, dan MLSB memberikan keamanan yang tinggi dan sulit ditembus.
Abstract
Digital image encryption using DNA Cryptography combines computational science with biological principles to provide dual security. The encryption process consists of two layers: first, a chaotic system like Arnold's Cat Map (ACM) is used to shuffle pixel positions through several iterations, while the Logistic Map (LM) generates a keystream due to its high sensitivity. The second layer involves DNA characteristics, utilizing nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) to encrypt image data at the molecular level, resulting in higher randomness. After encryption, the ciphertext is hidden within a cover image using Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB) steganography, which optimizes bit insertion in the RGB channels by selecting random pixels using a modulo generator. Experimental results show excellent encryption quality, with NPCR ≥ 98%, UACI ≥ 30%, correlation coefficient close to 0, entropy close to 8, and a flat histogram. Optimal stego-image quality is achieved with a single bit insertion in the RGB channels, resulting in PSNR ≥ 50dB. The resistance of the stego-image to salt & pepper noise depends on the cover image size, noise percentage, and the number of inserted bits. The results indicate that the combination of DNA Cryptography, ACM, LM, and MLSB provides high security and is difficult to breach.
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