Kajian Strategi Pendidikan Vokasi Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Menghadapi Bonus Demografi

Abstrak

Bonus demografi juga menjadi tantangan jika tidak mampu mengimbangi dengan ketersediaan lapangan kerja. Agar lulusan dari SMK dapat terserap dengan baik, diperlukan adanya strategi atau cara dalam membekali lulusan dengan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan Systematic Review (SR) atau yang secara umum disebut Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Langkah penelitian SLR yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Planning, Conducting, dan Reporting. Planning menghasilkan pertanyaan penelitian yaitu bagaimana strategi Pendidikan vokasi dalam menghadapi bonus demografi. Conducting dilakukan dengan pencarian jurnal artikel penelitian dari google scholar dengan memanfaatkan operator Boolean yaitu: “kompetensi siswa” AND “SMK” and “TIK”. Jurnal yang terindeks nasional, memiliki ISSN atau E-ISSN menjadi sumber data dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan 46 artikel, diperoleh bahwa 10 faktor memengaruhi kompetensi siswa SMK khususnya program keahlian Teknik Informatika dan Komunikasi (TIK). Untuk mencapai kompetensi siswa SMK TIK dapat dilakukan dengan: penerapan model pembelajaran di kelas seperti problem based learning dan project based learning, penggunaan metode pembelajaran demonstrasi dan discovery learning, penggunaan strategi problem solving, media pembelajaran yang dapat dimanfaatkan berupa e-learning, video, e-modul, software simulation, penggunaan fasilitas yang mumpuni di laboratorium, kurikulum yang disusun mencantumkan prakerin sebagai mata pelajaran yang harus diikuti oleh siswa, penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran melalui LKS berstruktur dan berbasis konstruktivisme, pembangunan sekolah kejuruan berdasarkan konsep corporate school,  kompetensi guru melalui keterampilan pedagogik, sosial dan kepribadian yang dapat mendukung peningkatan motivasi belajar yang nantinya memengaruhi kompetensi siswa, dan pengalaman prakerin dapat meningkatkan kompetensi siswa SMK.

Abstract

The demographic bonus is also a challenge if it is unable to match the availability of jobs. For graduates from Vocational High School (SMK) to be well absorbed, a strategy or method is needed to equip graduates with the competencies needed by the industry. This study uses a Systematic Review (SR) or what is generally called a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The SLR research steps used in this research are Planning, Conducting, and Reporting. Planning generates research questions, namely how is the vocational education strategy in dealing with demographic bonuses? Conducting is done by searching research journal articles from Google Scholar by utilizing Boolean operators, namely: "student competence" AND "SMK" and "TIK". Journals that are nationally indexed, having ISSN or E-ISSN are the source of data in this study. Based on 22 articles, it was found that eight factors influenced the competence of SMK students, especially the Informatics and Communication Engineering (ICT) expertise program. To achieve the competence of ICT Vocational High School students, this can be done by: using problem-based learning, project-based learning, cycle 5E, genre pedagogic, education game, Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD), and blended learning as learning models, learning media that can be utilized in the form of e-learning, software simulation, metacognitive based, the use of qualified facilities in the laboratory, the curricula prepared include apprenticeship as a subject that must be followed by students, the use of learning tools through constructivism-based worksheets, the construction of vocational schools based on the concept of corporate school, the competence of teachers through pedagogic skills, social and personality that can support increased learning motivation which will affect student competence, and internship experience can increase the competency of SMK students.