Analisis Metode Estimasi Biaya pada Perangkat Lunak Beserta Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi : A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2021864611Abstrak
Estimasi biaya sampai sekarang masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan utama dalam perencanaan proyek perangkat lunak. Estimasi biaya ini memiliki peran yang penting karena berpengaruh pada berjalannya proyek dan menjadi penentu keberhasilan suatu proyek perangkat lunak. Kegagalan estimasi biaya dalam perencanaan proyek perangkat lunak dapat menyebabkan proyek tidak berjalan dengan baik dan menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, banyak peneliti sampai saat ini masih mencari dan melakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan estimasi terbaik. Berbagai metode diusulkan untuk mendapatkan ketepatan akurasi dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor estimasi biaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang berisi rangkuman dan analisis perkembangan penelitian terbaru tentang estimasi biaya pada perangkat lunak, khususnya pada metode yang digunakan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini berhasil mengkaji 21 penelitian lain dalam lima tahun terakhir (2015-2020) dan didapatkan 24 metode usulan yang terbagi menjadi tiga jenis metode yang sering digunakan dalam melakukan estimasi biaya perangkat lunak yaitu nonparametrik, parametrik dan semiparametrik. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga berhasil menemukan metode dan kombinasi metode terbaik berdasarkan ketepatan akurasi beserta lima faktor utama yang mempengaruhi estimasi biaya sehingga dapat digunakan para peneliti atau praktisi lain untuk mengembangkan estimasi biaya pada proyek perangkat lunak.
Abstract
Cost estimation has an important role because it affects the project’s progress and determines the success of a software project. Failure to estimate costs in software project planning can cause the project to not run well and cause losses to the company. Therefore, many researchers are still looking for and researching to get the best estimation by considering the cost estimation factors. The purpose of this study is to create a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which contains a summary and analysis of the latest research developments on cost estimation in software, especially in the methods used and the factors that affect cost estimation. This study successfully reviewed 21 other studies in the last five years (2015-2020) and obtained 24 planning methods which are divided into three types of methods that are often used in conducting software cost research, namely nonparametric, parametric and semiparametric. Besides, this study also succeeded in finding the best method and combination of methods based on best accuracy, namely COCOMO II and the combination of Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony, along with the five main factors that influence cost estimation so that it can be used by researchers or other practitioners to develop cost estimates for software projects.
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