Pengembangan dan Validasi Instrumen Kuesioner pada Model Evaluasi Game Digital Meega+ dengan Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dan Cronbach’s Alpha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2025125Kata Kunci:
Instrument Development; Questionnaire Validation; MEEGA+ Model; Digital Educational Games; Minecraft; Duolingo.Abstrak
Kemajuan pesat teknologi Game Edukasi Digital (DEG) berimbas pada meningkatnya kebutuhan evaluasi terhadap game edukasi yang lebih reliabel (dapat diandalkan). Model evaluasi MEEGA+ saat ini masih memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal aspek control dan feedback yang memiliki dampak pada nilai hasil evaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi instrumen kuesioner MEEGA+ yang berbasis pada pendekatan statistik, termasuk Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dan Cronbach’s Alpha, untuk meningkatkan keandalan dan validitas evaluasi DEG. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei eksplanatori. Instrumen dikembangkan berdasarkan model MEEGA+ yang dimodifikasi, kemudian diuji melalui penyebaran kuesioner daring kepada responden. Studi kasus dilakukan pada game edukasi Minecraft dan Duolingo melalui survei secara daring dengan melibatkan 1.200 siswa SMA yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan teknik Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) untuk mengidentifikasi struktur faktor, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian reliabilitas menggunakan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha pada berbagai variasi jumlah butir pertanyaan. Analisis dilakukan melalui variasi kombinasi pertanyaan (sebanyak 1, 2, dan 3 butir). Hasil penelitian kemudian menunjukkan bahwa kuesioner dengan hanya 2 butir pertanyaan (a dan b) ternyata menghasilkan reliabilitas tertinggi dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,903 untuk game edukasi Minecraft dan 0,913 untuk game edukasi bahasa Duolingo. Hasil ini tentu saja melampaui nilai Cronbach’s Alpha model MEEGA+ saat ini yaitu hanya sebesar 0,866. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan instrument alat evaluasi MEEGA+, sekaligus juga mencerminkan kebaruan dalam pendekatan yang digunakan. Instrumen temuan ini diharapkan mampu menjadi alat evaluasi yang lebih relevan dan signifikan untuk mendukung peningkatan kualitas DEG dalam pendidikan modern saat ini dan kedepannya nanti.
Abstract
The rapid advancement of Digital Educational Game (DEG) technology has resulted in the increasing need for more reliable evaluation of educational games. The current MEEGA+ evaluation model still has limitations regarding control and feedback aspects that impact the evaluation result value. This study aims to develop and validate the MEEGA+ questionnaire instrument based on a statistical approach, including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha, to improve the reliability and validity of the DEG evaluation. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. The instrument was developed based on the modified MEEGA+ model, then tested through the distribution of online questionnaires to respondents. The case study was conducted on Minecraft and Duolingo educational games through an online survey involving 1,200 high school students spread throughout Indonesia. The collected data was analyzed using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique to identify the factor structure and continued with reliability testing using Cronbach's Alpha values on various variations in the number of questions. The analysis was done through various question combinations (as many as 1, 2, and 3 items). The study results then showed that the questionnaire with only two questions (a and b) produced the highest reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.903 for the Minecraft educational game and 0.913 for the Duolingo language educational game. These results certainly exceed the Cronbach's Alpha value of the current MEEGA+ model, which is only 0.866. These findings contribute to developing the MEEGA+ evaluation tool instrument while also reflecting the novelty of the approach used. It is anticipated that the results of this instrument will be a more pertinent and important assessment tool to help raise the standard of DEG in contemporary education both now and in the future.
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